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Electricity interconnectors are high-voltage cables that connect the electricity systems of neighbouring countries.

They enable excess power, such as that generated from wind and solar farms, to be traded and shared between countries. This ensures that renewable energy isn’t wasted and makes for a greener, more efficient power system.

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An electricity interconnector runs under the sea, underground or via overhead cabling, to connect the electricity systems of two countries. It allows the trading and sharing of surplus electricity. There are also gas interconnectors, which enable the sharing of natural gas in a similar way.

New electricity interconnector cables being pulled across a beach out to sea

How do electricity interconnectors help make the energy network greener?

Interconnectors allow us to move surplus renewable electricity from where it’s produced to where it’s needed most. For example, North Sea Link connects the UK with Norway and enables power sharing between the two countries. When weather conditions mean that supplies from UK wind farms and solar are lower, we can draw on carbon-free Norwegian hydro power. Meanwhile, on blustery or very sunny days in Britain, our excess renewable energy can be sent via the interconnector to Norway. Whichever direction the power flows, by sharing it we’re using every spare electron of zero carbon power and reducing waste.

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The benefits of interconnectors include:

Interconnectors allow access to a wide range of markets and generation types, which will save consumers millions of pounds a year by 2024.
By connecting Great Britain to broader and more diverse sources of energy, interconnectors also play a vital role in making the country's electricity system more secure.
Interconnectors allow operators to react quickly to changes in supply due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation and manage peak demand by sharing with neighbouring countries in different time zones.

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As of 2023, National Grid operates five interconnectors, connecting the UK with France, The Netherlands, Belgium and Norway. Our sixth interconnector, Viking Link, is currently under construction and will join the UK with Denmark. Once live, it will have the capacity to transport enough power for 1.4 million UK homes.

Find out more about our interconnectors

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Constructing subsea interconnectors is a remarkable feat of engineering – some are in waters that are up to 600 metres deep and they can be hundreds of kilometres long. North Sea Link is the world's longest subsea electricity interconnector and stretches for 450 miles (724km) between Blyth in Northumberland and the Norwegian village of Kvilldal.

Person wearing a high-vis vest and safety gloves holding a sample of an interconnector cable

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In 2022, National Grid's interconnectors supplied 4.8% (13.7TWh) of total electricity consumption in Great Britain. Approximately 70% of this energy came from zero-carbon sources.

By 2024 we'll be operating at least six interconnectors and 7.8GW of power between Great Britain and Europe. This is enough to supply 15% of our country's electricity requirements.

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Existing ‘point to point’ interconnectors run directly from one location in one country to another, while individual wind farms have to connect one-by-one to the shore. A multi-purpose interconnector will let clusters of wind farms connect directly with the interconnector itself, acting as a green energy hub.

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The first subsea electricity interconnector entered operations in 1961, linking the UK and France. Interconnexion France-Angleterre (IFA), National Grid’s first interconnector, went live in 1986 and also links the UK and France.

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Our Power of Now website shows how much CO₂ is being saved by using interconnectors to and from the UK at any one time.

_{Last updated: 27 Feb 2023

The information in this article is intended as a factual explainer and does not necessarily reflect National Grid's strategic direction or current business activities.}